Important question for UPSE in Geography

Important question for UPSE in Geography
1.Various instrument used for different purpose.
a—opisometer—measurment of distances ,b—planimeter---areas of maps , c—pantograph, ediograph—enlargement or reduction of maps., theodolite-surveying…
2..TOPOGRAPHICAL MAPS-shows natural as well as man made features of an area, usually drawn on large scale.on smaller scale than cadastral maps and not show the boundaries of individual properties .they are very useful to engineers, scientists, soldiers and geographers for study the detailed regional geography of the area.
3.WALL MAPS-generalised and boldly drawn maps to represent large areas and various natural and man-made features like relief,climate, vegetation, population , trade, route, important towns.it usedin class room and in teaching.
4.. ATLAS MAP—used for smaller scale,most of the topographical details are omitted and only principal natural features are shown.it is made on ingle sheet.very usefull for educational purpose.
5. MAP PROJECTION—It is a syestematic dawnings of parallels of latitude and meridians of longitude on a plane surface of the whole of the earth or a part ot it on a certain scale.
6.a.industrial production-line graphs
b.land use data of different states—pie diagram
c.literacy among the people---multiple diagrams
d.direction of the wind on different days—star diagrams
7..General system theory-R.J. Chorly
Diffusion of innovation—Hagerstand
Phenomenological ---Saur
Plastic space---R.J.Chorly
8.geographical indroduction to history—Febvre
Direction of geography—hagerstrand
Perspective on nature of geography—hartshorne
Dictionary of human geography—hagget
9.Hagget geography has three main groups.
a-spatial analysis, b—regional complex analysis,c-ecological analysis..
10.Thecratic type of geography seeks to understand various kind of phenomena observable on the surface of earth in relation to the earth to their underlying purpose